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We use citations and reference lists to guide the reader/viewer/audience member to the sources used to create our paper, video, presentation, etc. It is common for individuals who want to learn more about a topic to use the sources in a reference list. Citing is a recoginition of other people's work.
The author-date system is similar to APA or MLA in that in-text citations are used instead of footnotes or endnotes.
See also The Chicago Manual of Style Online by University of Chicago Press.
McCord, Edward LeRoy. 2012. The Value of Species. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (McCord 2012).
McCord (2012) highlights numerous studies that have replicated these results utilizing the same methods.
Green, Leonard C., and Paul B. Brown. 2017. The Entrepreneur’s Playbook: More than 100 Proven Strategies, Tips, and Techniques to Build a Radically Successful Business. New York: AMACOM.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Green and Brown 2017).
Green and Brown (2017) highlight...
Wilcox, Pamela, Francis T. Cullen, and Ben Feldmeyer. 2018. Communities and Crime: An Enduring American Challenge. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Wilcox, Cullen, and Feldmeyer 2018).
Wilcox, Cullen, and Feldmeyer (2017) highlight...
Fisher, Douglas, Nancy Frey, Russell J. Quaglia, Dominique Smith, and Lisa L. Lande. 2018. Engagement by Design: Creating Learning Environments Where Students Thrive. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Literacy.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Fisher et al. 2018).
Fisher et al. (2018) have shown…
Strauss, Sarah, Stephanie Rupp, and Thomas F. Love, eds. 2013. Cultures of Energy Power, Practices, Technologies. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Strauss, Rupp, & Love, 2013).
Strauss, Rupp, and Love (2017) highlight...
Wording for editions such as Second, Revised, and Enlarged are abbreviated: 2nd ed.; rev. ed.; etc. Consult Chapter 10 of the style manual for the full list of abbreviations.
Cavanaugh, John C., and Fredda Blanchard-Fields. 2018. Adult Development and Aging. 8th ed. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Publishing.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Cavanaugh and Blanchard-Fields 2018).
Cavanaugh and Blanchard-Fields (2018) highlight...
Pearlman, Laurie Anne. 2012. “Moral Dimensions of Trauma Therapies.” In The Social Psychology of Morality: Exploring the Causes of Good and Evil, edited by Mario Mikulincer and Phillip R. Shaver, 311–28. Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Pearlman 2012).
Pearlman (2012) highlights...
Edinger, Scott K., and Laurie Sain. 2015. The Hidden Leader : Discover and Develop Greatness within Your Company. New York: AMACOM. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ilstu/detail.action?docID=1711864.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Edinger and Sain 2015).
Edinger and Sain (2015) have shown…
Skinner, Jonathan, and Lee Jolliffe, eds. 2017. Murals and Tourism: Heritage, Politics and Identity. Florence: Taylor and Francis. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ilstu/detail.action?docID=4865852.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Skinner and Jolliffe 2017).
Skinner and Jolliffe (2017) have shown…
Roux, Gayle, and Judith A Halstead. 2018. Issues and Trends in Nursing: Practice, Policy, and Leadership. Second edition. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ilstu/detail.action?docID=4838489.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Roux and Halstead 2018).
Roux and Halstead (2018) have shown…
Nadimi, Farzin. 2013. “The Role of Oil in the Outcome of the Iran–Iraq War: Some Important Lessons in Historical Context.” In The Iran-Iraq War New International Perspectives, edited by Nigel Ashton and Bryan Gibson, 77–91. New York: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ilstu/detail.action?docID=1097796.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Nadimi 2013).
Nadimi (2013) highlights...
Martín, Gustavo A. Rodríguez. 2013. “Shaw by the Numbers.” Shaw 33 (1): 176–202.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Martín 2013).
Martín (2013) highlights...
Li, Linda Chelan. 2014. “Multiple Trajectories and ‘Good Governance’ in Asia: An Introduction.” Journal of Contemporary Asia 44 (2): 187–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2013.870827.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Li 2014).
Li (2014) highlights...
Greene, Mairead, and Paula Shorter. 2012. “Building Conceptual Understanding in Precalculus.” Transformative Dialogues: Teaching & Learning Journal 6 (2): 1–16. http://www.kpu.ca/sites/default/files/TD.6.2.2_Greene%26Shorter_Conceptual_Understanding_in_Precalculus.pdf.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Greene and Shorter 2012).
Greene and Shorter (2012) highlight...
Fiore, Adam. 2014. “The Master Code.” Popular Science 284 (5): 54–84.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Fiore 2014).
Fiore (2014) highlights...
Sarconi, Paul. 2017. “OK, House. Get Smart: Make the Most of Your AI Home Minions.” WIRED, May 16, 2017. https://www.wired.com/2017/06/guide-to-ai-artificial-intelligence-at-home/.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Sarconi 2017).
Sarconi (2017) highlights...
Stibel, Jeff. 2018. “The Internet Is Changing Us, but It’s Not All Bad.” USA Today, February 17, 2018, sec. Money.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Stibel 2018).
Stibel (2018) highlights...
For a newspaper article with no author, list the newspaper’s name in place of an author’s name in the reference list. For the in-text citation, use the first few words of the title in double quotation marks and the year.
The Washington Post. 2014. “MLB Appears Close to New Drug Agreement,” March 26, 2014, sec. Sports.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods ("MLB appears close" 2014).
In the newspaper article "MLB appears close to new drug agreement" (2013), it highlights...
Delgado, Jennifer. 2014. “Work to Begin on Grant Park Skate Park.” Chicago Tribune, June 2, 2014. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-06-02/news/ct-grant-park-new-skate-park-met-20140602_1_skate-park-tif-funds-grant-park-conservancy.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Delgado 2014).
Delgado (2014) highlights...
Hansen, Anders. 2017. “The Most Important Thing We Can Do for Our Brain? Exercise!” Brain Blogger (blog). October 24, 2017. http://brainblogger.com/2017/10/24/the-most-important-thing-we-can-do-for-our-brain-exercise/.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Hansen 2017).
Hansen (2017) highlights...
For the in-text citation, use the first few words of the title in double quotation marks and the year.
“Why Gardening Can Help You Live Longer and Be Healthier.” 2018. Wellness Mama (blog). March 12, 2018. https://wellnessmama.com/5437/gardeners-live-longer/.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods ("Why Gardening Can Help You", 2018).
"Why Gardening Can Help You" (2018) highlights...
Wernet, Lara. 2012. Want a Little Kiss? Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/farbenflut/8148446518/.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Wernet 2012).
Wernet (2012) highlights...
Note: These are not included in the reference list and should be cited parenthetically.
Planning for the signing of the document was almost complete (Smith, email message to author, May 4, 2014).
Smith (email message to author, May 4, 2014) highlights...
Beyoncé. 2016. “#LEMONADE the Visual Album Available Now!” Facebook update. April 25, 2016. https://www.facebook.com/beyonce/photos/a.252225550600.296474.28940545600/10156956506310601/?type=3.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Beyoncé 2016).
Beyoncé (2016) highlights...
ISUtube1857. 2012. Celebration of President Bowman’s Legacy at Illinois State University. Online Video. Normal, Illinois. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_vNPD1rhFY&feature=youtu.be.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (ISUtube1857 2012).
ISUtube1857 (2012) highlights...
Mondello, Bob. n.d. Fall Movies: Corsets, Crises, Comedies And Cranks. All Things Considered. Accessed March 15, 2018. https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=94117753.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Mondello, 2008).
Mondello (2008) highlights...
Lacques, Anthony. 2006. “Ben Franklin Tech.” Television series episode. Modern Marvels. New York: A&E Television Networks. https://www.history.com/shows/modern-marvels/season-12/episode-13.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Lacques 2009).
Lacques (2009) highlights...
MediaShift (@MeidaShiftOrg). 2016. “How Will Facebook’s Algorithm Changes Impact Your Newsroom? https://T.Co/Gch0mPJMnV.” Twitter. July 12, 2016. https://twitter.com/MediaShiftOrg/status/752813655247519744.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (MediaShift 2016).
MediaShift (2016) highlights...
Hatch, Rachel. 2014. “The Renegades of BioMath.” News - Illinois State. May 22, 2014. https://news.illinoisstate.edu/2014/05/renegades-biomath/.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Hatch 2014).
Hatch (2014) highlights...
Moran, Casey. n.d. “7 Mindfulness Habits That Lead To 365 Days of Happiness.” Lifehack. Accessed March 14, 2018. https://www.lifehack.org/346064/7-mindfulness-habits-that-lead-365-days-happiness.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Moran, n.d.).
Moran (n.d.) highlights...
In the reference list, start with the title of the page in double quotes. For the in-text citation, use the first few words of the title in double quotes and the year.
“Battle Bird.” n.d. Illinois State University Athletics. Accessed March 15, 2018. http://goredbirds.com/sports/2014/4/16/his_trad_battle_bird.aspx.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods ("Illinois State athletics’ battle bird," n.d.).
"Illinois State athletics’ battle bird" (n.d.) highlights...
Levinson, David, and Gertrud Pfister, eds. 2013. “Yachting.” Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport. Great Barrington, Massachusetts: Berkshire Publishing Group.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Levinson and Pfister 2013).
Levinson and Pfister (2013) highlights...
Ross, Jeffrey Ian, ed. 2013. “Hooliganism.” Encyclopedia of Street Crime in America. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. http://www.ilstu.eblib.com/EBLWeb/patron/?target=patron&extendedid=P_1207759_0.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Ross 2013).
Ross (2013) highlights...
For legal works the Chicago Manual of Style recommends using either the The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation or the ALWD Guide to Legal Citation.
Stewart, Hayden, Jeffrey Hyman, Andrea Carlson, and Elizabeth Frazão. 2016. The Cost of Satisfying Fruit and Vegetable Recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines. Economic Brief, Number 27. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. http://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo69773.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Stewart et al. 2016).
Stewart et al. (2016) highlights...
Note: These are not included in the reference list and should be cited parenthetically. Published interviews should be cited based on the delivery format (e.g. The NPR Interviews as a magazine; 60 Minutes as a television broadcast, etc.)
Planning for the signing of the document was almost complete (J. Smith, interview via Skype, May 4, 2014).
J. Smith (interview via Skype, May 4, 2014) highlights...
Note: Personal comminication is any form of communication with you and another person. This can be in the form a text, phone call, Skype session, direct message, etc. These are not included in the reference list and should be cited parenthetically.
Planning for the signing of the document was almost complete (J. Smith, pers. comm., May 4, 2014).
J. Smith (pers. comm., May 4, 2014) highlights...
White, Susan, and Rachel Ivie. 2013. “Number of Women in Physics Departments: A Simulation Analysis. Report.” College Park, MD: Statistical Research Center of the American Institute of Physics. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED547644.pdf.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (White and Ivie 2013).
White and Ivie (2016) highlights...
Hagen, Christopher K. 2016. “We’ve Been Here : Possibilities for Prolonging Experiential Intimacy in Art.” Masters of Fine Arts, Normal, Illinois: Illinois State University. http://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd/504.
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Hagen 2016).
Hagen (2016) highlights...
We use citations and reference lists to guide the reader/viewer/audience member to the sources used to create our paper, video, presentation, etc. It is common for individuals who want to learn more about a topic to use the sources in a reference list. Citing is a recoginition of other people's work.
This style uses notes (footnotes and/or endnotes) together with a bibliography. Notes provide an author the option to add additional information or comments about a cited source.
See also The Chicago Manual of Style Online by University of Chicago Press
1. Edward LeRoy McCord, The Value of Species (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012).
McCord, Edward LeRoy. The Value of Species. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012.
1. Leonard C. Green and Paul B. Brown, The Entrepreneur’s Playbook: More than 100 Proven Strategies, Tips, and Techniques to Build a Radically Successful Business (New York: AMACOM, 2017).
Green, Leonard C., and Paul B. Brown. The Entrepreneur’s Playbook: More than 100 Proven Strategies, Tips, and Techniques to Build a Radically Successful Business. New York: AMACOM, 2017.
1. Pamela Wilcox, Francis T. Cullen, and Ben Feldmeyer, Communities and Crime: An Enduring American Challenge (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2018).
Wilcox, Pamela, Francis T. Cullen, and Ben Feldmeyer. Communities and Crime: An Enduring American Challenge. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2018.
1. Douglas Fisher et al., Engagement by Design: Creating Learning Environments Where Students Thrive (Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Literacy, 2018).
Fisher, Douglas, Nancy Frey, Russell J. Quaglia, Dominique Smith, and Lisa L. Lande. Engagement by Design: Creating Learning Environments Where Students Thrive. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Literacy, 2018.
Formatting of multiple authors is the same a book..
1. Strauss, Sarah, Stephanie Rupp, and Thomas F. Love, eds., Cultures of Energy Power, Practices, Technologies (Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 2013).
Strauss, Sarah, Stephanie Rupp, and Thomas F. Love, eds. Cultures of Energy Power, Practices, Technologies. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 2013.
Formatting of multiple authors is the same a book.
Wording for editions such as Second, Revised, and Enlarged are abbreviated in both the notes and bibliography: 2nd ed.; rev. ed.; etc. Consult Chapter 10 of the style manual for the full list.
1. John C. Cavanaugh and Fredda Blanchard-Fields, Adult Development and Aging, 8th ed. (Boston, MA: Wadsworth Publishing, 2018).
Cavanaugh, John C., and Fredda Blanchard-Fields. Adult Development and Aging. 8th ed. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Publishing, 2018.
Formatting of multiple authors is the same a book.
1. Laurie Anne Pearlman. “Moral Dimensions of Trauma Therapies,” in The Social Psychology of Morality: Exploring the Causes of Good and Evil, ed. Mario Mikulincer and Phillip R. Shaver (Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association, 2012), 311–28.
Pearlman, Laurie Anne. “Moral Dimensions of Trauma Therapies.” In The Social Psychology of Morality: Exploring the Causes of Good and Evil, edited by Mario Mikulincer and Phillip R. Shaver, 311–28. Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association, 2012.
Formatting of multiple authors is the same a book.
1. Scott K. Edinger and Laurie Sain, The Hidden Leader : Discover and Develop Greatness within Your Company (New York: AMACOM, 2015), https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ilstu/detail.action?docID=1711864.
Edinger, Scott K., and Laurie Sain. The Hidden Leader : Discover and Develop Greatness within Your Company. New York: AMACOM, 2015. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ilstu/detail.action?docID=1711864.
Formatting of multiple authors is the same a book.
1. Jonathan Skinner and Lee Jolliffe, eds., Murals and Tourism: Heritage, Politics and Identity (Florence: Taylor and Francis, 2017), https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ilstu/detail.action?docID=4865852.
Skinner, Jonathan, and Lee Jolliffe, eds. Murals and Tourism: Heritage, Politics and Identity. Florence: Taylor and Francis, 2017. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ilstu/detail.action?docID=4865852.
Formatting of multiple authors is the same a book.
1. Gayle Roux and Judith A Halstead, Issues and Trends in Nursing: Practice, Policy, and Leadership, Second edition (Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018), https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ilstu/detail.action?docID=4838489.
Roux, Gayle, and Judith A Halstead. Issues and Trends in Nursing: Practice, Policy, and Leadership. Second edition. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ilstu/detail.action?docID=4838489.
Formatting of multiple authors is the same a book.
1. Farzin Nadimi. “The Role of Oil in the Outcome of the Iran–Iraq War: Some Important Lessons in Historical Context,” in The Iran-Iraq War New International Perspectives, ed. Nigel Ashton and Bryan Gibson, (New York: Routledge, 2013), 77–91, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ilstu/detail.action?docID=1097796.
Nadimi, Farzin. “The Role of Oil in the Outcome of the Iran–Iraq War: Some Important Lessons in Historical Context.” In The Iran-Iraq War New International Perspectives, edited by Nigel Ashton and Bryan Gibson, 77–91. New York: Routledge, 2013. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ilstu/detail.action?docID=1097796.
1. Gustavo A. Rodríguez Martín, “Shaw by the Numbers,” Shaw 33, no. 1 (2013): 176–202.
Martín, Gustavo A. Rodríguez. “Shaw by the Numbers.” Shaw 33, no. 1 (2013): 176–202.
1. Linda Chelan Li, “Multiple Trajectories and ‘Good Governance’ in Asia: An Introduction,” Journal of Contemporary Asia 44, no. 2 (2014): 187–203, https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2013.870827.
Li, Linda Chelan. “Multiple Trajectories and ‘Good Governance’ in Asia: An Introduction.” Journal of Contemporary Asia 44, no. 2 (2014): 187–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2013.870827.
1. Mairead Greene and Paula Shorter, “Building Conceptual Understanding in Precalculus,” Transformative Dialogues: Teaching & Learning Journal 6, no. 2 (2012): 1–16.
Greene, Mairead, and Paula Shorter. “Building Conceptual Understanding in Precalculus.” Transformative Dialogues: Teaching & Learning Journal 6, no. 2 (2012): 1–16, http://www.kpu.ca/sites/default/files/TD.6.2.2_Greene%26Shorter_Conceptual_Understanding_in_Precalculus.pdf.
1. Adam Fiore, “The Master Code,” Popular Science 284, no. 5 (May 2014): 54–84.
Fiore, Adam. “The Master Code.” Popular Science 284, no. 5 (May 2014): 54–84.
1. Paul Sarconi, “OK, House. Get Smart: Make the Most of Your AI Home Minions,” WIRED, May 16, 2017, https://www.wired.com/2017/06/guide-to-ai-artificial-intelligence-at-home/.
Sarconi, Paul. “OK, House. Get Smart: Make the Most of Your AI Home Minions.” WIRED, May 16, 2017. https://www.wired.com/2017/06/guide-to-ai-artificial-intelligence-at-home/.
1. Jeff Stibel, “The Internet Is Changing Us, but It’s Not All Bad,” USA Today, February 17, 2018, sec. Money.
Stibel, Jeff. “The Internet Is Changing Us, but It’s Not All Bad.” USA Today, February 17, 2018, sec. Money.
1. “MLB Appears Close to New Drug Agreement,” The Washington Post, March 26, 2014, sec. Sports.
“MLB Appears Close to New Drug Agreement.” The Washington Post, March 26, 2014, sec. Sports.
1. Jennifer Delgado, “Work to Begin on Grant Park Skate Park,” Chicago Tribune, June 2, 2014, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-06-02/news/ct-grant-park-new-skate-park-met-20140602_1_skate-park-tif-funds-grant-park-conservancy.
Delgado, Jennifer. “Work to Begin on Grant Park Skate Park.” Chicago Tribune, June 2, 2014. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-06-02/news/ct-grant-park-new-skate-park-met-20140602_1_skate-park-tif-funds-grant-park-conservancy.
1. Anders Hansen. “The Most Important Thing We Can Do for Our Brain? Exercise!” Brain Blogger (blog), October 24, 2017, http://brainblogger.com/2017/10/24/the-most-important-thing-we-can-do-for-our-brain-exercise/.
Hansen, Anders. “The Most Important Thing We Can Do for Our Brain? Exercise!” Brain Blogger (blog), October 24, 2017. http://brainblogger.com/2017/10/24/the-most-important-thing-we-can-do-for-our-brain-exercise/.
1. “Why Gardening Can Help You Live Longer and Be Healthier,” Wellness Mama (blog), March 12, 2018, https://wellnessmama.com/5437/gardeners-live-longer/.
“Why Gardening Can Help You Live Longer and Be Healthier.” Wellness Mama (blog), March 12, 2018. https://wellnessmama.com/5437/gardeners-live-longer/.
1. Lara Wernet, Want a Little Kiss?, October 30, 2012, photograph, October 30, 2012, Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/farbenflut/8148446518/.
Wernet, Lara. Want a Little Kiss ? October 30, 2012. Photograph. Flicker, https://www.flickr.com/photos/farbenflut/8148446518/.
Note: These are not included in the Bibliography and only included in the Notes.
1. Jane Smith, email message to author, April 23, 2017.
1. Beyoncé, “#LEMONADE the Visual Album Available Now!,” Facebook update, April 25, 2016, https://www.facebook.com/beyonce/photos/a.252225550600.296474.28940545600/10156956506310601/?type=3.
Beyoncé. “#LEMONADE the Visual Album Available Now!” Facebook update, April 25, 2016. https://www.facebook.com/beyonce/photos/a.252225550600.296474.28940545600/10156956506310601/?type=3.
1. ISUtube1857, Celebration of President Bowman’s Legacy at Illinois State University, Online Video (Normal, Illinois, 2012), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_vNPD1rhFY&feature=youtu.be.
ISUtube1857. Celebration of President Bowman’s Legacy at Illinois State University. Online Video. Normal, Illinois, 2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_vNPD1rhFY&feature=youtu.be.
1. Bob Mondello, Fall Movies: Corsets, Crises, Comedies And Cranks, All Things Considered, accessed March 15, 2018, https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=94117753.
Mondello, Bob. Fall Movies: Corsets, Crises, Comedies And Cranks. All Things Considered. Accessed March 15, 2018. https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=94117753.
1. Anthony Lacques, “Ben Franklin Tech,” Television series episode, Modern Marvels (New York: A&E Television Networks, May 25, 2006), https://www.history.com/shows/modern-marvels/season-12/episode-13.
Lacques, Anthony. “Ben Franklin Tech.” Television series episode. Modern Marvels. New York: A&E Television Networks, May 25, 2006. https://www.history.com/shows/modern-marvels/season-12/episode-13.
1. MediaShift (@MeidaShiftOrg), “How Will Facebook’s Algorithm Changes Impact Your Newsroom? https://T.Co/Gch0mPJMnV,” Twitter, July 12, 2016 3:35 a.m., https://twitter.com/MediaShiftOrg/status/752813655247519744.
MediaShift. “How Will Facebook’s Algorithm Changes Impact Your Newsroom? https://T.Co/Gch0mPJMnV.” Twitter, July 12, 2016. https://twitter.com/MediaShiftOrg/status/752813655247519744.
1. Rachel Hatch, “The Renegades of BioMath,” News - Illinois State, May 22, 2014, https://news.illinoisstate.edu/2014/05/renegades-biomath/.
Hatch, R. (2014, May 22). The renegades of BioMath. Retrieved from http://stories.illinoisstate.edu/university/media-relations/report/renegades-biomath/
Numerous studies have replicated these results utilizing the same methods (Hatch, 2014).
Hatch (2014) highlights...
1. Casey Moran, “7 Mindfulness Habits That Lead to 365 Days of Happiness,” Lifehack, accessed March 14, 2018, https://www.lifehack.org/346064/7-mindfulness-habits-that-lead-365-days-happiness.
Moran, Casey. “7 Mindfulness Habits That Lead to 365 Days of Happiness.” Lifehack. Accessed March 14, 2018. https://www.lifehack.org/346064/7-mindfulness-habits-that-lead-365-days-happiness.
1. “Battle Bird,” Illinois State University Athletics, accessed March 15, 2018, http://goredbirds.com/sports/2014/4/16/his_trad_battle_bird.aspx.
“Battle Bird.” Illinois State University Athletics. Accessed March 15, 2018. http://goredbirds.com/sports/2014/4/16/his_trad_battle_bird.aspx.
1. David Levinson and Gertrud Pfister, eds., “Yachting,” Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport (Great Barrington, Massachusetts: Berkshire Publishing Group, 2013).
Levinson, David, and Gertrud Pfister, eds. “Yachting.” Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport. Great Barrington, Massachusetts: Berkshire Publishing Group, 2013.
1. Jeffrey Ian Ross, ed., “Hooliganism,” Encyclopedia of Street Crime in America (Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2013), http://www.ilstu.eblib.com/EBLWeb/patron/?target=patron&extendedid=P_1207759_0.
Ross, Jeffrey Ian, ed. “Hooliganism.” Encyclopedia of Street Crime in America. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2013. http://www.ilstu.eblib.com/EBLWeb/patron/?target=patron&extendedid=P_1207759_0.
For legal works the Chicago Manual of Style recommends using either the The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation or the ALWD Guide to Legal Citation.
1. Hayden Stewart et al., The Cost of Satisfying Fruit and Vegetable Recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines, Economic Brief, Number 27 (Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2016), http://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo69773.
Stewart, Hayden, Jeffrey Hyman, Andrea Carlson, and Elizabeth Frazão. The Cost of Satisfying Fruit and Vegetable Recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines. Economic Brief, Number 27. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2016. http://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo69773.
Note: These are not included in the Bibliography and only included in the Notes. Published interviews should be cited based on the delivery format (e.g. Vital Speeches of the Day is a magazine; 60 Minutes is a television broadcast, etc.)
1. John Adams, in discussion with the author, May 4, 2014.
Note: Personal comminication is any form of communication with you and the author/creator. This can be in the form a text, phone call, Skype session, direct message, etc. These are not included in the Bibliography and only included in the Notes.
1. John Adams, in discussion with the author, May 4, 2014.
1. Susan White and Rachel Ivie, “Number of Women in Physics Departments: A Simulation Analysis. Report” (College Park, MD: Statistical Research Center of the American Institute of Physics, July 1, 2013), https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED547644.pdf.
White, Susan, and Rachel Ivie. “Number of Women in Physics Departments: A Simulation Analysis. Report.” College Park, MD: Statistical Research Center of the American Institute of Physics, July 1, 2013. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED547644.pdf.
1. Christopher K. Hagen, “We’ve Been Here : Possibilities for Prolonging Experiential Intimacy in Art” (Illinois State University, 2016), http://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd/504.
Hagen, Christopher K. “We’ve Been Here : Possibilities for Prolonging Experiential Intimacy in Art.” Masters of Fine Arts, Illinois State University, 2016. http://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd/504.
This guide was adapted from the Citing Sources guide by the Librarians of Milner Library, Illinois State University. Many thanks for their hard work and permission to use this guide.